National Science Day - Sir C.V. Raman

National Science Day 2026

        National Science Day is one of the most important scientific celebrations in India. Every year on February 28, schools and colleges across the country celebrate this day to honour the discovery of the famous Raman Effect by Sir C.V. Raman.

🧪 Why Do We Celebrate National Science Day?

    National Science Day is celebrated to remember the historic discovery of the Raman Effect in 1928.  This discovery changed the world of physics and helped scientists understand how light scatters when it passes through different materials.
    
    This research was conducted in Kolkata, and it became so important that Sir C.V. Raman received the Nobel Prize in Physics for it in 1930.

Quiz on Highest Gold Reserves in 2026

Gold Reserves – MCQ Quiz

1. Which country holds the largest official gold reserves (2026)?

✔ Correct Answer: United States
The U.S. leads globally with more than 8,100 tonnes of official gold reserves.

2. India ranks at which position in global gold reserves (2026)?

✔ Correct Answer: 7th
India holds over 880 tonnes of gold, placing it seventh in the world.

3. Which European nation ranks 2nd in gold reserves?

✔ Correct Answer: Germany
Germany holds over 3,350 tonnes of gold, the second-largest globally.

List of Indian States, Union Territories and Their Capitals (Updated 2025)

    India is a vast country with a diverse culture, language, and geography. To manage this diversity efficiently, our nation is divided into 28 States and 8 Union Territories (UTs). Each state and UT has its own capital, which serves as the administrative center for governance, offices, and state-level institutions.

    Knowing the States and Capitals of India is an essential part of General Knowledge (GK), especially for students preparing for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, Banking, Railways, Defence, and State PSCs.

📘 List of Indian States and Their Capitals (2025)

1. Andhra Pradesh – Amaravati

2. Arunachal Pradesh – Itanagar

3. Assam – Dispur

4. Bihar – Patna

Top 10 Largest Animals in the World

    The natural world is full of fascinating creatures, but some stand out because of their sheer size. From the depths of the ocean to the African savannas, the largest animals amaze us with their strength, survival, and uniqueness. Here’s a student-friendly, accurate, and informative article on the Top 10 Largest Animals in the World.

1. 🐳 Blue Whale

• Size: Up to 30 meters (98 ft)

• Weight: Around 200 tons

• Fact: The Blue Whale is the largest animal to have ever lived on Earth, even bigger than the largest dinosaurs. Its heart alone can weigh as much as a small car!

2. 🐘 African Elephant

Understanding Economy Terms – Simple Guide for Students

   

     Economy is a word we hear often in news and exams, but what does it really mean? In simple words, the economy is how money, jobs, goods, and services work in a country. To understand it better, let’s look at some important terms.

1. Boom Economy (Good Economy)

This is the time when everything looks bright. People have jobs, businesses earn profits, and there is more money in the market. Example: When companies are hiring a lot, it shows a boom.

2. Recession (Dead Economy)

Nobel Prize Winners 2024 – Simple Notes for Students

 

   

     The Nobel Prize is the world’s most famous award, given every year to people or organizations who make great contributions in science, literature, peace, and economics. In 2024, many important discoveries and achievements were recognized. Here is a simple list of winners that will help students and exam aspirants.

1. Physics

John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton
They received the prize for their work on artificial intelligence (AI), especially neural networks that make machine learning possible.

2. Chemistry

Indian Freedom Fighters – Nicknames, Slogans & States for Students

           Advanced Objective General Knowledge 2025 with 8000+ MCQs 

             India’s freedom struggle was one of the greatest movements in the history of the world. It was not the effort of just one person, but many brave hearts from across the country. They came from different states, spoke different languages, but had one dream — a free India.

       Let us learn about some of the most famous Indian freedom fighters, their nicknames, inspiring slogans, and the states they belonged to. This is helpful for students preparing for exams and also to understand our rich history.

📜 What is a Freedom Fighter?

A freedom fighter is someone who fights for the freedom of their country. In India, freedom fighters took part in protests, revolutions, and movements to get independence from British rule.

🧾 Table of Famous Freedom Fighters of India

From Ganga to Godavari : Powerful River Facts You Can’t Ignore for Exams

Important Rivers and Their Places of Origin

        Indian rivers are more than just natural water bodies — they are the lifelines of Indian civilization, agriculture, and culture. Whether it’s the sacred Ganga or the mighty Brahmaputra, rivers frequently feature in competitive exam questions due to their geographical, historical, and economic significance.

            This article brings you an exhaustive, updated, and exam-ready guide to India’s major rivers, their origin points, flowing routes, length, and states they traverse — all compiled for Railway (RRB NTPC, Group D), SSC CGL/CHSL, UPSC Prelims, State PSCs, and school-level quiz competitions.

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🗺️ List of Major Rivers in India with Origin & Length

List of Indian States and Union Territories with Capitals, Chief Ministers, and Governors (2025)

 

 

Advanced Objective General Knowledge 2025 with 8000+ MCQs

List of Chief Ministers and Governors of Indian States (October 2025)

No.	State	Capital	Chief Minister	Governor
1	Andhra Pradesh	Amaravati	N. Chandrababu Naidu	S. Abdul Nazeer
2	Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	Pema Khandu	Lt. Gen. K. T. Parnaik (Retd.)
3	Assam	Dispur	Himanta Biswa Sarma	Lakshman Prasad Acharya
4	Bihar	Patna	Nitish Kumar	Arif Mohammed Khan
5	Chhattisgarh	Raipur	Vishnu Deo Sai	Ramen Deka
6	Goa	Panaji	Pramod Sawant	P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju
7	Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Bhupendra Patel	Acharya Dev Vrat
8	Haryana	Chandigarh	Nayab Singh Saini	Prof. Ashim Kumar Ghosh
9	Himachal Pradesh	Shimla	Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu	Shiv Pratap Shukla
10	Jharkhand	Ranchi	Hemant Soren	Santosh Kumar Gangwar
11	Karnataka	Bengaluru	Siddaramaiah	Thaawarchand Gehlot
12	Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram	Pinarayi Vijayan	Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
13	Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	Mohan Yadav	Mangubhai C. Patel
14	Maharashtra	Mumbai	Devendra Fadnavis	C. P. Radhakrishnan
15	Manipur	Imphal	— (President’s Rule)	Ajay Kumar Bhalla
16	Meghalaya	Shillong	Conrad K. Sangma	C. H. Vijayashankar
17	Mizoram	Aizawl	Lalduhoma	Gen. (Dr.) V. K. Singh (Retd.)
18	Nagaland	Kohima	Neiphiu Rio	La. Ganesan
19	Odisha	Bhubaneswar	Mohan Charan Majhi	Hari Babu Kambhampati
20	Punjab	Chandigarh	Bhagwant Mann	Gulab Chand Kataria
21	Rajasthan	Jaipur	Bhajan Lal Sharma	Haribhau Bagde
22	Sikkim	Gangtok	Prem Singh Tamang	Om Prakash Mathur
23	Tamil Nadu	Chennai	M. K. Stalin	R. N. Ravi
24	Telangana	Hyderabad	A. Revanth Reddy	Jishnu Dev Varma
25	Tripura	Agartala	Manik Saha	Indra Sena Reddy
26	Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	Yogi Adityanath	Anandiben Patel
27	Uttarakhand	Dehradun	Pushkar Singh Dhami	Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh (Retd.)
28	West Bengal	Kolkata	Mamata Banerjee	C. V. Ananda Bose

List of Chief Ministers and Lt. Governors / Administrators of Union Territories (October 2025)

No.	Union Territory	Capital	Chief Minister (if any)	Lieutenant Governor / Administrator
29	Andaman & Nicobar Islands	Port Blair	—	D. K. Joshi (Retd.)
30	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	—	Gulab Chand Kataria
31	Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu	Daman	—	Praful Patel
32	Delhi (NCT)	New Delhi	Rekha Gupta	Vinai Kumar Saxena
33	Jammu & Kashmir	Srinagar / Jammu	Omar Abdullah	Manoj Sinha
34	Ladakh	Leh	—	Kavinder Gupta
35	Lakshadweep	Kavaratti	—	Praful Patel
36	Puducherry	Puducherry	N. Rangaswamy	K. Kailashnathan

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Mangal Pandey - The First Freedom Fighter of India

📝 Introduction

        When we talk about India's long and courageous struggle for independence, Mangal Pandey stands out as one of the first names etched in history. A brave sepoy of the British East India Company, Mangal Pandey’s rebellion in 1857 sparked a wave of resistance that would later become the First War of Indian Independence.

    In this article, we’ll explore who Mangal Pandey was, why he rebelled, and why he is remembered as the first freedom fighter of India — all explained in a simple and exam-focused format.

👦 Early Life of Mangal Pandey

• Full Name: Mangal Pandey