The Nobel Prize is the world’s most famous award, given every year to people or organizations who make great contributions in science, literature, peace, and economics. In 2024, many important discoveries and achievements were recognized. Here is a simple list of winners that will help students and exam aspirants.
1. Physics
John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton
They received the prize for their work on artificial intelligence (AI), especially neural networks that make machine learning possible.
2. Chemistry
David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper
They were awarded for using AI to predict and design protein structures, which helps in making medicines and vaccines.
3. Medicine (Physiology)
Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
They discovered microRNA, tiny molecules that control how our genes work. This is important for health and disease research.
4. Literature
Han Kang (South Korea)
She won the prize for her poetic prose that talks about history, trauma, and human life. She is the first Asian woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
5. Peace
Nihon Hidankyo (Japan)
This is an organization of survivors of the atomic bomb. They fight for a world without nuclear weapons by sharing their life stories.
6. Economic Sciences
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson
They showed how institutions and governance (good or bad rules and systems) decide whether countries become rich or poor.
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📌 Quick Recap for Exams
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Physics → AI Neural Networks
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Chemistry → AI Protein Design
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Medicine → microRNA Discovery
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Literature → Han Kang
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Peace → Atomic Bomb Survivors (Japan)
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Economics → Institutions & Prosperity
The 2024 Nobel Prize winners remind us how science, literature, peace, and economics can change the world. For students, these names and contributions are very important for GK and competitive exams.
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